Just as eczema appears in many, many different forms, so does its causes. Eczema is activated by the immune system and, in atopic eczema, for example, is usually seen in people with a genetically heightened sensitivity to allergens. An allergen will trigger a reaction on contact with the skin, which can be on first contact or repeated contact over weeks and months or even years. Common triggers include:

• Soaps
• Detergents
• Weather conditions (heat, cold, humidity, dryness)
• Environmental allergens
• Jewelry
• Creams
• Food handling
• Clothing
• Sweating
• Gloves
• Rubbing
• Bacteria
• Emotional or mental stress

• Illness
• Unusual physical or mental stress
• Exposure to skin irritants